AODVSEC: A Novel Approach to Secure Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol from Insider Attacks in MANETs

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other using multihop wireless links without requiring any fixed based-station infrastructure and centralized management. Each node in the network acts as both a host and a router. In such scenario, designing of an efficient, reliable and secure routing protocol has been a major challenging issue over the last many years. Numerous schemes have been proposed for secure routing protocols and most of the research work has so far focused on providing security for routing using cryptography. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to secure Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol from the insider attacks launched through active forging of its Route Reply (RREP) control message. AODV routing protocol does not have any security provision that makes it less reliable in publicly open ad hoc network. To deal with the concerned security attacks, we have proposed AODV Security Extension (AODVSEC) which enhances the scope of AODV for the security provision. We have compared AODVSEC with AODV and Secure AODV (SAODV) in normal situation as well as in presence of the three concerned attacks viz. Resource Consumption (RC) attack, Route Disturb (RD) attack, Route Invasion (RI) attack and Blackhole (BH) attack. To evaluate the performances, we have considered Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), Average End-to-End Delay (AED), Average Throughput (AT), Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and Average Jitter and Accumulated Average Processing Time.Comment: 20 Pages, 24 Figure

Detection of Hidden Wormhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks using Neighborhood and Connectivity Information

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have inspired many applications such as military applications, environmental monitoring and other fields. WSN has emergence in various fields, so security is very important issue for sensor networks. Security comes from attacks. Due to the wireless and distributed nature anyone can connect with the network. Among all possible attacks, wormholes are very hard to detect because they can cause damage to the network without knowing the protocols used in the network. It is a powerful attack that can be conducted without requiring any cryptographic breaks. Wormholes are hard to detect because they use a private, out-of-band channel invisible to the underlying sensor network. In this paper we have proposed a wormhole detection protocol based on neighborhood and connectivity information. Performance analysis shows that our proposed approach can effectively detect wormhole attack with less storage cost. Keywords: Wireless sensor network, wormhole, out-of-band, security, neighborhood

NDTAODV: NEIGHBOR DEFENSE TECHNIQUE FOR AD HOC ON-DEMAND DISTANCE VECTOR (AODV) TO MITIGATE FLOOD ATTACK IN MANETS

ABSTRACT Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs

Problem and prospectus of SME sectors in India & China with special reference to Chemical, Pharma and Textile Industries

The SMEs are playing a strategic role in economic growth and development of the country through their contribution to the creation of wealth, employment and income generation. The Chemical, Pharma and Textile Industries are the leading segment in the SME sector. China and India are two of the largest agrarian economies in the world accounting for the bulk of the world\u27s poorest people. There are many resemblances in their preliminary conditions\u27, as well as broad policy orientation. Both countries with similar levels of living with wide geographical differences, and economic and social diversities. Both countries embarked on the course of planned economic development roughly around the same time, after being led to political freedom by two of the most influential political leaders of the 20th century, Mao and Gandhi. Both countries opted at almost the same time, for the heavy industrialisation policy as the quickest route to sustained economic development. However, China sought to follow the \u27Soviet model\u27 very closely than India, and China was virtually closed to external economic interaction until the late 1970s. The Indian economy, on the other hand, was largely in the private sector (with a well-developed indigenous entrepreneurial class and the institutional framework of a market economy) in which the state sought to increasingly influence the rate and pattern of economic development. For the Indian and Chinese economy textiles & chemical segments plays a major role. These SMEs segment are exposed to the competitive pressures either directly from the market place or indirectly passed on from their higher ups in the chain. However, with SMEs enthusiasm, flexibility and innovative drive they are mainly focusing on improved production methods, penetrative marketing strategies and management capabilities to continue and build up their operations & growth. The global chemical industry, is one of the fastest growing sectors of the manufacturing industry. Despite the challenges of escalating crude oil prices and demanding international environmental protection standards now adopted globally, the chemicals industry has still grown at a rate higher than the overall-manufacturing segment. In the economic life of India & China, the Textiles Industry has an overwhelming presence. Apart from providing one of the basic necessities of life, the textiles industry also plays a pivotal role through its contribution to industrial output, employment generation and the export earnings of the country